Evaluate returns predictability Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluate returns predictability - Coursework Example This paper has two sections; in the first section it discusses empirical evidence on the predictability of excess of returns by the technical analysis method, the second section is devoted to evaluating whether return predictability is a good test for market efficiency. Gustafsson (2012) conducted a research on how the stock market performed relatively to the predictions by the technical analysis method in the Swedish stock market. According to technical analysis assumed that successive returns were related. In other words, positive returns in a given time period would be followed by equally positive returns in the same period of the subsequent year. On the basis of the above assumption, Gustafsson (2012) wanted to test the hypothesis that successes in the stock market were independent. Among other tests, the research summarized results from various trading rules to test whether a technical analysis would have been used to accurately predict recurring price patterns and hence returns. The research found out that the comparison between 2001-12-28 and 2011-12-30, the average daily return was 0.0184% for the buy and hold strategy, with a standard deviation of 0.016 and the total number of trading days was 2517. With this statistic, the t-statistic for the buy and hold strategy was 0.58. This study made reached some interesting conclusions from the data. Interestingly, it found out that the introduction of RSI and the RSIstoch that indicates the directional strength of price changes had an impact on the return predictability. Further, the findings lend to the support of the assumption that technical analysis can be used to predict future price movements. This is because; average daily buy-day returns were significantly larger than average daily-sell returns. As such, it meant that the technical trading rules also had a

Enrollment System Essay Example for Free

Enrollment System Essay Chapter1: Intoduction 1. 1. Background of the study The new generation about computer blooms in our day. It is the binding fact that computers are very productive, more efficient, and make our personal and professional lives more successful. In every year, technologies continue to rise up, people must be aware in the development of the technologies to easily come up in the flow of the new generation. Computer is an electronic device that can store data, process retrieve and can also be programmed with any instruction. Computers can do just about anything and it really excel in certain areas. Enrollment is an exciting day for every student in elementary, high school, or colleges. It is the most expected activity after summer vacation. But contrary to the expectations of the enrollees, enrollment has posed problems and hassles because it has become tedious and taxing. Sometimes the students’ leave it to their parents and other members of the family to enroll them. The unsystematic procedure of school during enrollment is now dreaded by them. Instead student enrollees have to stand and wait of finishing it in an hour or two, sometimes students are made to come back the next day or even after a week so that they can be officially enrolled. All these have posed a problem which alarm this group of researchers and decided to pursue in resolving the enrollment problem by designing and implementing a system of enrollment which is computerized for smooth and less problematic flow of enrollment in the La Immaculada Concepcion School. As a students, and as a researcher we decided to create a wellprogrammed system that will develop the enrollment system for the school of La Immaculada Concepcion School. To become more realistic we conduct a survey and some research from the students to know the specific to general problems of their enrollment system that cannot be solve manually. Some student complains about the enrollment procedure in their school, they need to get the enrollment form first and do some certain approval and payment in the different sections in order to be enrolled. This is a very long process of the enrollment and the personnel assigned in the registrar office will record the enrollee’s information manually after the scheduled enrollment. What if the student’s enrollment papers lost? Will they retrieve their papers? How long will it takes to them to record all the student’s files in the computer. 1. 2. Statement of the Problem What enrollment system can be developed to manage the enrollment of La Immaculada Concepcion School (LICS)? How to speed up the enrollment process of La Immaculada Concepcion School (LICS)? How to accurately monitor and update the recoeding of the transactions and the pertinent records of the school? 1. 3. Objective: To create a better enrollment system that will manage the enrollment of the La Immaculada Concepcion School (LICS). To provide a system that will discuss the flow of the process of enrollment. To use database management that will monitor and update recording of transactions and pertinent records of the school. . 4. Significance of the study The Significance of this study is to perform a better system that can accommodate all the students in this school in their enrollment, and also as we make a program we enhance our skill in creating a better program for a given problems like this. The importance of this study may help up the said school to nurture up and elevate the functionality of the school to defy and breach their performances for the last 39 years. The study will also help us as students to be knowledgeable enough on entering the Information Technology field as applying the lectures to actual performances. The La Immaculada Concepcion Schools’ enrollment system gives also a benefit for the following: 1. Students- they can save time and money in waiting a long period of time and it will be easy for them to enroll. There are some students that cannot enroll on the time because of some circumstances; LAN-based enrollment is the answer for the problem. . Staff- they can lessen their time consumed during the process of enrollment. They can also generate a report in a very short time unlike in the manual enrollment system where in the staff is having a hard time generating reports. 3. School- to lessen if not eliminates the existing problems in the traditional enrollment system. 4. Future Proponents- they can use these as theirfutur study and create a better system. 1. 5. Scope and Limitation: The scope of this study is to perform a better process in the school in terms of their enrollment and to improve the system in such a better way. The system provides registration which includes adding, editing and updating of students record that will be stored directly to the database. It will also generate confirmation of registration. It will generate reports such as class list/ instructor/ schedule of classes per section/ statement of the account/ payment report for the school administration. The registrar can easily access records, schedule, classes and class list. it provides scheduling of the subjects per section. It also provides printing of some schedules for the students after enrollment. The payment is also included; the enrollee can choose which type of payment will suit them (full or partial). This study has also a limitation, Our limitation is just to create a system that will enhance the process and to improve the enrollment system in La Immaculada Concepcion School. .

The Four Steps Of Problem Solving Information Technology Essay

The Four Steps Of Problem Solving Information Technology Essay The initial problem that Mark Singleton was trying to resolve is the implementation of a CRM system to increase sales by raising the number of contacts relationship bankers were making and improving the tracking of these activities so that the bank could learn more from them. Also Singleton wanted a CRM system that places a great value on the person-to-person interactions between his relationship bankers and their customers and doesnt interfere with those interactions and diminishes the relationship bankers rapport with customers. In the problem-solving process which is especially valuable when we need to build new systems as a solution to a problem or set of problems the organization perceives it is facing. The problem in this case came from the management realization that the organization should take advantage of new opportunities to perform more effectively, but they didnt apply the four steps of problem solving. In the problem-solving process to system building, we would need to take the following four steps: (1) Define and understand the problem. (2) Develop alternative solutions. (3) Choose the best solution. (4) Implement the solution. Citizens National Bank CEO Mark Singleton achieved the first step with an outstanding performance in defining and understanding the problem for which they need to build a new system but he failed dramatically in applying the rest of the steps required by the problem-solving process to build a new system. Mr. Singleton did not devise, develop or try several alternative solutions before opting for a new CRM system to solve the problem of paper and manual work and replace it with a new information system to automate some of the bankers tasks. Because he did not develop alternative solutions, he couldnt choose the best solution which led to a failed implementation in the first solution. What was the business case for implementing a new system? What were some of the tangible benefits? What were some of the intangible benefits? Organizationally, Citizens National Bank of Texas is a private, full-service bank with headquarters in Waxahachie, Texas, and 200 employees that has operated independently since 1868. Citizens National Bank relies on personal, retail, and commercial customers and serves businesses and consumers in Ellis County and other nearby counties, primarily in communities with populations of 25,000 or less. Citizen National bank operates heavily manual and count on paper system in which sometimes a salesperson that left Citizens National could take records of customer interaction with him or her, leaving the bank with no information to maintain the relationship. The paper system also created too much information for Singleton and his branch managers to process effectively. So that the old paper system cannot support the large number of new customers and the annual grow at a rate of 12 percent. A major part of Citizen Nationals strategy for continuing growth was to implement customer relationship management (CRM) software. The CRM strategy targeted the banks two main contact points with customers: the banks call center and its sales force. The objectives of a solution for Citizens National Bank would be to reduce the amount of time, effort, and errors in the tracking of activities made by relationship bankers and to increase sales by raising the number of contacts relationship bankers were making and improving the tracking of these activities so that the bank could learn more from them. Tangible Benefits Increased productivity: Using a CRM system will enable relationship bankers to improve their tracking activities with customers, which in turn increase their productivity and give them ability to serve more customers. Lower operational costs: using electronic records will substantially reduce papers used and result in cost saving. Reduced workforce: this is will be the result of increasing bankers productivity to serve more customers, which in turn will considerably reduce the workforce required to handle the projected increase in sales. Reduced rate of growth in expenses Reduced facility costs: due to paper reduction, and workforce reduction. Intangible Benefits Improved organizational planning and flexibility: because the paper system created too much information for Singleton and his branch managers to process effectively. The CRM system will give them efficient information to make effective decisions. Improved decision making: having accurate information under executives and managers control will dramatically enhance the decision making. Improved operations: The CRM system will enable the bank to approve credit and loan applications more quickly. Improved asset utilization and improved resource control. More information available in a timely manner. Enhanced employee goodwill: because under the old paper system, a salesperson that left Citizens National could take records of customer interaction with him or her, leaving the bank with no information to maintain the relationship. Increased job satisfaction among employees. Higher client satisfaction: nothing will satisfy the customers more than getting a quick approvals and smooth transactions. Better corporate image: this is will result automatically from an increase in job satisfaction among employees and a higher client satisfaction. Why didnt the implementation of the Siebel CRM solution work out for Citizens National? What were the biggest factors? How would you classify these factors in terms of organization, technology, and people issues? I believe that the implementation of the Siebel CRM solution didnt work out for Citizens National because it was not the best solution that applies or fits into the defined problem; it didnt work out because it was not a result of a thorough selection that went through precise evaluation for multiple alternatives or solutions. The implementation failed for many factors, I will classify these factors in terms of organization, technology, and people issues Organization: the approach of Citizens National toward nearly all business functions, from tracking customer leads to generating reports about them, was very basic. The Siebel software was simply too rich in features. From the start, Citizens National had trouble getting the software to fit its rather straightforward, basic customer-lead tracking and reporting needs. With Siebel, we were spending way too much time turning off capabilities that we didnt need, Singleton explains. An example of functionality that didnt fit Citizens Nationals business model was Siebels capability for setting up customer support cases. While some large corporations may want to set up a support case with detailed complaint-tracking and resolution functions, the small bank had no use for it. Service complaints that come in to Citizens National are handled on the spot by its call center. For service inquiries that require a follow-up, such as a customer asking about the reordering of checks, the call-center representative schedules an activity by sending an e-mail to the employee who handles check orders. (Bartholomew, 2007) People: Employees found the software to be too complicated. They were surprised to learn, for example, that the system did not automatically generate potential business opportunities for customers on their records. Furthermore, bankers were not able to view multiple relationships between a customer and the bank on the same screen. The extra navigation was confusing and inefficient. The relationship bankers were the key employees; the system was intended to be of value to them, and, in turn, provide value to the bank. However, they found no incentive in the Siebel environment because their compensation was based on sales, and sales had become harder to make. Another issue was Siebels complexity. Citizens Nationals bankers found the system difficult to navigate. For instance, the banking representatives couldnt understand why an opportunity to make a loan to a particular customer wasnt listed under the customers record. You have to assign that opportunity to that person, explains Doug Furney, president and CEO of The Small Business Solution. If you dont make those relationships when entering the data, the opportunity wont appear under that customers record. Not everyone easily grasped this concept. (Bartholomew, 2007) Furney says the way the screens were laid out in Siebel, Citizens bankers had to flip back and forth between the various screens to identify different relationships that customers had with the bank. Understanding these relationships in the system was very confusing to their bankers, he says. As a result, the banks top sales representatives, who werent eager to change the way they did their work to fit the needs of the software, found Siebels learning curve too steep to negotiate. Citizens Nationals 16 relationship bankers never got over the ease-of-use problems that Siebel presented, Furney says. (Bartholomew, 2007) Deloittes Davis says that the Siebel implementation at Citizens National may have indeed failed because of a lack of buy-in from those expected to use it most-the relationship bankers. If the people using the system dont know whats in it for them and dont see the value of using it, then it will not work the way the company expected, Davis says. (Bartholomew, 2007) Technology: Citizens National experienced compatibility issues between the database formats in Siebel and those used by the banks core banking application, developed by Kirchman. As a result, the two systems had difficulty exchanging information properly. The bank was forced to spend a significant amount of time fixing such compatibility issues, which negatively impacted its ability to serve customers. Citizens National also had to deal with a raft of customization issues, often stemming from the differences between databases. Furney worked to integrate Siebel with Citizens Nationals core banking application. The bank uses banking software from Kirchman, whose vertical systems are used by numerous small and medium-size banks to process and track customers deposits, loans and trust accounts. Trying to get these two systems to talk was a challenge, he says. (Bartholomew, 2007) One basic difference was the way the core banking application set up its customer data fields. The Kirchman system did not have individual fields for both the customers first and last names, choosing instead to include the full name in a single field. By contrast, in Siebel, the customers first and last name each had a data field. Thats the kind of thing we ran into when we tried to marry data from these two different systems, Furney says. This kind of integration takes time, and customers dont realize how much time is required. (Bartholomew, 2007) Was QuickBase a better solution for Citizens National? If so, why? What factors suggest that the bank ended up with the right approach and the right choice of product? In my perspective, QuickBase was the best alternative solution that meets the requirements of Citizens National Bank for a new IT system that is an easy to use, capable of doing some tracking activities, and store the interactions between relationship bankers and their customers and doesnt interfere with those interactions and diminish the relationship bankers rapport with customers. QuickBase was designed for organizing, tracking, and sharing information among team members in the workplace while encouraging progress by notifying workers via automated e-mails of updated files, new task assignments, and approaching deadlines. Because QuickBase was not programmed as a specific business application, businesses could modify its database structure to meet specific business functions. One reason some small and medium-size companies, as well as groups within larger ones, are adopting QuickBase is its flexibility. Intended not just for customer management, QuickBase-which is actually more of an easily modified database than a full-fledged business application-can be harnessed for other business tasks. For example, Procter Gamble uses the system to track technology projects. Because its easy to use, runs online via any browser and doesnt require an I.T. professional to set up, the hosted application is finding its way into all kinds of businesses. (Bartholomew, 2007) There are many factors suggest that the bank ended up with the right approach and the right choice of product, some of these factors are: The Citizens National staffs were able to make changes to QuickBase themselves, so the costs of ownership and maintenance fees were much lower. QuickBase offered Citizens National flexibility that it did not have previously. Because the system was Web-based, the relationship bankers were able to use it anywhere that they had access to a browser. Relationship bankers and management received daily updated access to all interactions and transactions, enabling them to track business in a way that was never possible previously. For the first time, Citizens National was able to completely track sales opportunities and, as Singleton said, where we lost business, so we know where we need to make those extra 10 or 15 sales calls. Also central to the success of QuickBase at Citizens National was Furneys ability to integrate the system with the Kirchman core banking application. Furney configured QuickBase to upload new account information to the core system every night via an XML interface. For example, a banking representative can click on a commercial customers file and immediate see all the contacts that have been made with that customer by bank staff, any actions that were taken on the customers behalf, and the end result. Citizens National bank representatives use it to check on customers to see if there has been a follow-up call to a contact, whether a voice-mail message was left with the customer, who the salesperson was and the status of the contact. Its been an invaluable tool for us to keep track of our customers, Singleton adds. (Bartholomew, 2007) 5. Based on this case study, what kind of organization do you think would benefit from using the Siebel CRM package? Give an example of such an organization and justify your choice. You may use the Web to research your answer, including Oracles Web site. 6. Could Citizens National have made a better choice of software for its CRM system the first time around? Explain your answer.

Macroeconomic Equilibrium :: Economics

Macroeconomic Equilibrium Introduction Macroeconomic equilibrium for an economy in the short run is established when aggregate demand intersects with short-run aggregate supply. At the price level Pe, the aggregate demand for goods and services is equal to the aggregate supply of output. The output and the general price level in the economy will tend to adjust towards this equilibrium position. If the price level is too high, there will be an excess supply of output. If the price level is below equilibrium, there will be excess demand in the short run. In both situations there should be a process taking the economy towards the equilibrium level of output. Consider for example a situation where aggregate supply is greater than current demand. This will lead to a build up in stocks (inventories) and this sends a signal to producers either to cut prices (to stimulate an increase in demand) or to reduce output so as to reduce the build up of excess stocks. Either way - there is a tendency for output to move closer to the current level of demand. There may be occasions when in the short run, the economy cannot meet an increase in demand. This is more likely to occur when an economy reaches full-employment of factor resources. In this situation, the aggregate supply curve in the short run becomes increasingly inelastic. The diagram below tracks the effect of this. We see aggregate demand rising but the economy finds it difficult to raise (expand) production. There is a small increase in real national output, but the main effect is to put upward pressure on the general price level. Shortages of resources will lead to a general rise in costs and prices. Impact of a change in aggregate supply Suppose that increased efficiency and productivity together with lower input costs (e.g. of essential raw materials) causes the short run aggregate supply curve to shift outwards. (I.e. an increase in supply - assume no shift in aggregate demand). The diagram below shows what is likely to happen. AS shifts outwards and a new macroeconomic equilibrium will be established. The price level has fallen and real national output (in equilibrium) has increased to Y2. Aggregate supply would shift inwards if there is a rise in the unit costs of production in the economy. For example there might be a rise in unit wage costs perhaps caused by higher wages not compensated for by higher labour productivity. External economic shocksmight also cause the aggregate supply curve to shift inwards. For example a sharp rise in global commodity prices. If AS shifts to the left, assuming no change in the aggregate demand curve, we expect to see a higher price level (this is known as Macroeconomic Equilibrium :: Economics Macroeconomic Equilibrium Introduction Macroeconomic equilibrium for an economy in the short run is established when aggregate demand intersects with short-run aggregate supply. At the price level Pe, the aggregate demand for goods and services is equal to the aggregate supply of output. The output and the general price level in the economy will tend to adjust towards this equilibrium position. If the price level is too high, there will be an excess supply of output. If the price level is below equilibrium, there will be excess demand in the short run. In both situations there should be a process taking the economy towards the equilibrium level of output. Consider for example a situation where aggregate supply is greater than current demand. This will lead to a build up in stocks (inventories) and this sends a signal to producers either to cut prices (to stimulate an increase in demand) or to reduce output so as to reduce the build up of excess stocks. Either way - there is a tendency for output to move closer to the current level of demand. There may be occasions when in the short run, the economy cannot meet an increase in demand. This is more likely to occur when an economy reaches full-employment of factor resources. In this situation, the aggregate supply curve in the short run becomes increasingly inelastic. The diagram below tracks the effect of this. We see aggregate demand rising but the economy finds it difficult to raise (expand) production. There is a small increase in real national output, but the main effect is to put upward pressure on the general price level. Shortages of resources will lead to a general rise in costs and prices. Impact of a change in aggregate supply Suppose that increased efficiency and productivity together with lower input costs (e.g. of essential raw materials) causes the short run aggregate supply curve to shift outwards. (I.e. an increase in supply - assume no shift in aggregate demand). The diagram below shows what is likely to happen. AS shifts outwards and a new macroeconomic equilibrium will be established. The price level has fallen and real national output (in equilibrium) has increased to Y2. Aggregate supply would shift inwards if there is a rise in the unit costs of production in the economy. For example there might be a rise in unit wage costs perhaps caused by higher wages not compensated for by higher labour productivity. External economic shocksmight also cause the aggregate supply curve to shift inwards. For example a sharp rise in global commodity prices. If AS shifts to the left, assuming no change in the aggregate demand curve, we expect to see a higher price level (this is known as

Rationale Scheme of Work Essay

The rationale for my scheme of work (see appendix 1) is to meet both the learners’ needs and the curriculum requirements. Edexcel is the awarding body who supply the syllabus which gives the framework for delivery and assessment of the subject matter. The Edexcel ITQ Level 2 Certificate curriculum requirements will be met by learners completing practical work-related tasks. They will learn by completing projects and assignments that are based on realistic workplace situations, activities and demands. The content and structure are the most obvious features of any Scheme of Work, since it is the whole syllabus of what is going to be delivered, how it is going to be delivered and when it will be delivered, therefore I have used a logical format according to Gray (2005) the teacher has the ultimate responsibility to organise & sequence the course as a whole, so that the direction is clear from lesson to lesson. According to Gray (2005) the Aims, Objectives and Methods are a fundamental part to the planning of lessons, however also stipulates that they are necessary for the construction of the Scheme of Work. It is important that my scheme of works conveys a balance of learning objectives, such as behavioural, cognitive, affective or personal growth. Another aspect that needs to be taken into account in designing a scheme of work is the structure. I will start off with easier topics and build up to more difficult ones and at the same time, show a relationship between the topics building in revision to aid the learning process, Bruner (1966) called this the spiral curriculum. Therefore I have organised my scheme of work in a spiral manner so that the learner continually builds upon what they have already learned. The subject for my observed session is â€Å"Presentation Software†, This unit is about the skills and knowledge required by an IT user to select and use a wide range of intermediate presentation software tools and techniques effectively to produce presentations which include a combination of media (e.g. images, animation and sound) for education, entertainment or information sharing) and are at times non-routine or unfamiliar. I will set out the Aims and Objectives of the session plan (see appendix 2) to meet the specific curriculum requirements of the Presentation module (see appendix 3). To meet the aims and needs of individual learners the session will allow learners’ use their skills for real purposes and achieve success as a result  of using their skills effectively. I will introduce the session by communicating the Aims and Objectives to learners both verbally and by showing them on a PowerPoint slide, I will Incorporate discussion strategies into this section as this can help learners enhance their speaking and listening skills. Reece & Walker (2006) suggests that the negotiating process should be modelled in five stages. The first is preparing for negotiation which is being aware of what the student needs to achieve, the second stage consist of the first session with the learner where a good rapport needs to be made with the learner. Then follows the contract part where actual SMART targets are agreed. These I will incorporate into the Aims and Objectives. The last two stages are the monitoring learning which will carry out during the session by assessing the learners’ through discussion. Question and answer and observation. The final review which can be a discussion of a formal assessment. I will recap previous sessions as according to Knox (1977) effective adult learning entails an active search for meaning in which new tasks are somehow related to earlier activities. Prior learning experiences have the potential to enhance or interfere with new learning. The recap will be in the form of a quiz, where  Reece & Walker (2006) explains how we may be using words that create barriers in learning. We must avoid using male dominated language for example words like craftsman should be changed to craft worker and manpower should be replaced with workforce and also using ‘they’ instead of ‘him/her’. Petty (2009) focuses on this along with the role of a teacher not to discriminate against race and ethnicity and the promoting the use of multiculturalism in their particular the subject area. †¢ Integrate learning by linking knowledge within and between the functional areas. †¢ Spend time planning and developing their work. †¢ Make choices, think creatively and act independently. Expert teachers generally are comfortable with a wide range of instructional strategies, and they vary them skillfully with the nature of the learning task and learners’ needs (Berliner, 1986). Tomlinson, Carol Ann. Differentiated Classroom : Responding to the Needs of All Learners. Alexandria, VA, USA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development, 1999. p 61. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/staffordshire/Doc?id=10115178&ppg=68 Copyright  © 1999. Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development. All rights reserved. Independent practice that allows students to extend skills or knowledge on their own â€Å"Differentiation is the process whereby teachers meet the need for progress through the curriculum by selecting appropriate teaching methods to match the individual student’s learning strategies within a group situation.† J.Visser, Differentiation and the Curriculum, University of Birmingham, 1993 Why differentiate? Every learner is an individual and has his or her own specific learning needs. Each will be influenced by previous experiences including cultural influences. Differentiation involves the art of giving each of these individuals an equal opportunity to achieve and engage in the learning process. This is why the Further Education National Training Organisation standards 1 state that teachers and trainers should:  · â€Å"select appropriate teaching techniques to accommodate the different ways individuals learnÍ ¾  · use a variety of teaching methods to meet the needs of groups and individuals, and to provide an environment in which all learners have the opportunity to experience success.† Effective adult learning entails an active search for meaning in which new tasks are somehow related to earlier activities. Prior learning experiences  have the potential to enhance or interfere with new learning. (Knox, 1977 as quoted in Brookfield, 1986). Instruction should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and or fill in the gaps (going beyond the information given). Bruner (1973) Bruner, J. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bruner, J. (1973). Going Beyond the Information Given. New York: Norton. (Knox, 1977 as quoted in Brookfield, 1986). Instruction should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and or fill in the gaps (going beyond the information given).

Career Plan Essays

Career Plan Essays Career Plan Essay Career Plan Essay ECPY 2040: Principles of Career and Life Planning Fall 2013 section# 6300 Tues/Thurs 8:45am-10:05am Social Sciences 255 Instructor: Gabrielle Groth Office: Humanities 028 Office Hours: Tues/Thurs 10:15-11:15 or by appt. Email: [emailprotected] edu Office Phone: 518-442-2624 Course Description: Mailbox: outside ED 242 Review of theories of decision-making career development, occupational choice, and job satisfaction. Additional topics include vocational measurement and assessment, evaluation and use of occupational information, and strategies of life-span planning. Course Objectives: Develop a conceptual framework of how careers begin and evolve Develop an understanding of the factors affecting your career development and planning Research, evaluate, and use occupational information from a variety of resources Develop communication skills in order to facilitate self-reflection and enhance the ability to market yourself in a career This course meets the Information Literacy and the Oral Discourse requirement for the University at Albany. Required Books and Materials: 1 . Sukiennik, D. , Raufman, L. , Bendat, W. (2013). The career fitness program: exercising your options (10th ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN: 978-0132762335 2. A $35 materials fee will be due in class for the following assessment materials: Strong Interest Inventory (S) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) CASH ONLY! Recommended Texts: 1 . Bolles, R. N. (2012). What color is your parachute? (40th ed. ). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. 2. American Psychological Association (APA). (2009). Publication manual, 6th edition. washington, DC. ISBN: 978-1433805615 Attendance/Participation: Because this course is intended to benefit your career development, you will be time; thus, regular attendance, punctuality, and participation are essential and will e reflected in your grade. You are responsible for all readings and assignments listed in the syllabus, as well as any extra readings distributed in class, and should come to class prepared for discussions and activities. If you are absent from class: You are responsible for any missed lecture notes or materials. It is not the responsibility of the instructor to inform you of what you missed in class. Some assignments may be made-up at the instructors discretion only if the instructor is made aware of the absence beforehand. Exceptions may be made in extreme cases (e. g. death in the family) at the instructors discretion. Attendance will be taken EVERY class period. A total of 60 points can be earned if you attend class regularly. Each student is allowed three free absences. More than three absences throughout the semester will be reflected in your final grade. For each class missed beyond the three allowed, 10 points will be deducted from your total score. Any exceptions to this policy will be made at the ins tructors discretion and only in extreme situations. Please not that your UAlbany email account is considered an official form of communication. Thus, you will need to check this address regularly to receive class nnouncements and changes in the schedule. Classroom Decorum: Students are expected to arrive to class on time and actively participate in classroom activities. If students arrive late to the class period, it is their responsibility to check in with the instructor at the end of the class period to ensure that they were counted as present. It is expected that students will conduct themselves in a mature and professional manner. This course provides a unique opportunity for growth and self- exploration. Please be respectful of your classmates, remain attentive during class, and keep an open mind to others ideas and views. All electronic devices (e. g. , cell phones) must be turned OFF during class. The use of laptops for anything other than note taking is considered disruptive and not permitted. Disruptive behavior during class time will not be tolerated. If you are having difficulty following expected classroom behavior, you will be asked to leave, an unexcused absence will be recorded, and you will not receive credit for any work completed during class that day. If the disruptive behavior persists, it will be brought to the attention of the Office of Conflict Resolution and Civic Responsibility; and you may be asked to leave the lass permanently. Academic Integrity: A students work for this class should reflect the highest standards of academic integrity. Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Examples include, but are not limited to plagiarism, multiple submissions, cheating, and falsification. Submitting work completed by anyone other than yourself or resubmitting your own work from a prior class is unacceptable. Consequences may include failure of the assignment, Responsibility. If you have any questions, consult the instructor or contact the Office of Conflict Resolution and Civic Responsibility, or refer to the Community Rights and Responsibilities Booklet. Writing Requirements: All assignments must be submitted on time via Blackboard. Assignments submitted via disk, email, or paper form will not be accepted unless in an extreme circumstance, which is left to the discretion of the instructor. All assignments are to be typed, proofread, properly formatted in the most current APA style (e. g. 2 point Time New Roman font, double spaced with 1 inch margins). Students are expected to use the writing and referencing guidelines as published in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ), a recommended text. The manual is vailable in the reference section of the University, Science, and Dewey libraries. For additional referencing guides visit: http://owl. english. p urdue. edu/owl/resource/ 560/01/ http://library. albany. edu/usered/cite/apaw-header. pdf Late assignment policy: Assignments are to be submitted online at the beginning of the class period for which they are due. Submissions after the start time of the class are considered late and 5 points will be deducted for each day the assignment is late. Late assignments will not be accepted after 5 days (including non-class days and weekends) and will result in a grade of O for that assignment. Exceptions will only be made at the discretion of the instructor in extreme situations. Accommodations for Students with Disabilities: Reasonable accommodations will be provided for students with documented physical, sensory, systemic, cognitive, learning and psychiatric disabilities. Any student who has a documented disability through the Disability Resource Center (Campus Center 137, 442-5490) and is in need of academic accommodations should notify the instructor of this course. Accommodations are individualized and in accordance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992. If you believe you have a disability requiring accommodation in this class, please visit the Director of Disabled Student Services. Grading Distribution and Points: Assignment Point Breakdown: Introduction Blackboard Post 15 Inventories 30 (2 x 15 points each) Registration with Career Services Occupational Report Resume and Cover Letter: First Draft and Peer Review Final Draft 5 55 20 Mock Career Interview Informational Interview Career Topic Presentation 50 35 Final Paper Attendance 75 Total Possible Points Grade distribution: A = 465-500 (93-100%) A- = 450-464 (90-92%) + = 434-449 (87-89%) B = 413-433 (83-86%) B- = 400-412 (80-82%) C+ = 385-399 (77-79%) c = 365-384 (73-76%) c- 350-364 (70-72%) = 335-349 (67-69%) D = 315-334 (63-66%) D- = 300-314 (6M2%) E = 0-299 (less than 60%) * Incompletes are only given under extraordinary circumstances, at the discretion of the instructor. Assignments and Exams Introduction Blackboard Post: To facilitate classmates and the instructor in getting to know one another, students will create an introductory post to the Blackboard discussion board started by the instructor. Posts should be 1 3 paragraphs in length nd should address the following things: 1- Tell us a little about yourself (hometown, favorite hobbies, etc. ; 2- What is your status as a student (year in college)? ; 3- What is your intended major? Or, if unsure of major, what is one of your areas of academic interest? ; 4- When you were in elementary school and people asked you what do you want to be when you grow up, what did you tell them? ; 5- What are your career aspirations at this time? In other words, what do you want to be when you grow up? ; 6- What do you hope to get out of this course? If possible, include a photo of yourself ith your discussion board post. Inventories: As part of the course requirements, you must purchase and complete the Strong Interest Inventory (S) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). 35 will be collected by the instructor in the beginning of the semester for these exams and will be returned by the specified due date to be sent off for scoring. If the mone y or the inventories are not turned in on their respective due dates, you may lose points or receive a zero for this project. Because the information from the inventories will be used in the final paper, incomplete inventories may also result in additional oss of points on the final paper. Registration with Career Services: You will receive 5 points for registering with IJAlbanys Career Services. The purpose of registering is to become familiar with the resources at the Career Center and have access to future career events, Job fairs, internships, and Job listings. To register go to: albany. edu/career/ index. shtml title page and references) on an occupation. The purpose of this report is to give you the opportunity to explore and write about an occupation that is of interest to you. You will need to use at least TWO outside sources of information other than the equired texts for the course. The paper must be in APA style with proper citations and a reference page. More details will be provided in class. Resume and Cover Letter: You will prepare a professional resume and cover letter. You will receive 20 points for the completion of the first draft and participating in the peer revision during class time. Students that do not bring copies of their first drafts to class on the day of the peer revision will not be able to participate in the peer revision process AND will not receive the 20 points. The final draft of the resume and cover letter you will submit via Blackboard. The final draft is worth a total of 40 points, and will be graded by your instructor. By the completion of this assignment, you should have a resume and cover letter worthy of submitting to potential employers. The content and style should be professional, concise, and comprehensive of your abilities and goals. Midterm: A multiple-choice and/or short answer exam designed to test your knowledge of the course material up to the date of the exam. Materials tested will include readings, lectures, presentation information, and classroom exercises. Makeup exams are based on the discretion of the instructor. Mock Career Interview: Students work in pairs to prepare and present 10-minute mock career interviews in front of the class. Each student will have the opportunity to be both the interviewer and interviewee within the 10-minutes. The mock interview will give you a chance to gain interviewing experience in your field of interest. Students will be expected to dress in interview attire for this presentation. A zero may be given on this assignment if students fail to show up on their assigned presentation day. Interviews will be rescheduled only in extreme circumstances at he discretion of the instructor. Informational Interview: Each student will arrange an interview with someone who is currently working in the field he or she is interested in. Worksheets will be provided to help you formulate questions and evaluate the information you receive. You will then be asked to share some of the information you learned from the interview in class. Additional information will be provided in class. Career Topic Presentation: You will be preparing and conducting a 10-minute presentation on a special topic of your choice related to career development and/or the world of work. For the presentation, you will be informing the class about the contents of an article or book chapter related to your topic that you have read. Students must seek approval of their resources at least 2 weeks prior to their presentation. Additional information will be provided in class. A zero may be given on Presentations will be rescheduled only in extreme circumstances at the discretion of Final Paper: You will submit via Blackboard a 5-7 page (not including title page and references) self-reflective paper that integrates what you have learned in the course with your own ideas about career and life planning. This should include information you learned from your SII and MBTI inventories, as well as what you have learned from the informational and mock interviews. At least 5 sources should be used and referenced in APA style. More details will be provided in class. EXTRA Credit: Two assignments can be completed for a maximum of 20 extra credit points. They are to be completed and turned in before or on the last day of class. Career Services Events Write-up (10 pts each): You can attend one Career Services Event for 10 points or you can attend 2 different events for a total of 20 points that will count as extra credit. For each event attended you must provide a I-page summary of the even and what you have learned from it. In addition, you will need to complete the extra credit even form (attached). The list of events and dates can be found at albany. edu/career. Likewise, once you register with Career Services you will receive email announcements for events. Please ask the instructor for approval if an event is not sponsored by Career Services. Career Article (10 pts): Find an article related to social media and its relevance on career development, networking and write a 1-2 page review of the article. Research Participation (1 Opts): Students will have the opportunity to earn up to 10 points extra credit for participating in research opportunities announced in class. ONLY the opportunities announced in class will count towards your grade. Tentative Class Schedule Date Day Topic Reading Assignment Due Aug. 27 Tuesday Course Overview and Syllabus Aug. 29 Introduction to career theories and development CFP Chapter 1 sept. Values in the Workplace CFP Chapters 2 CFP Chapter 3 sept. 5 Thursday No Class†Rosh Hashanah sept. 10 Career Services Guest Speaker $35 Cash Due (Exact change please! sept. 12 Work Interests and Personality CFP Chapter 4 (Boiles p. 189-229) sept. 17 Aptitudes, Abilities, and Skills CFP Chapter 5 (Boiles p. 230-250) sept. 19 Tour of the University Library: Meet in the Lobby MBTI Due sept. 24 APA Style and Plagiarism sept. 26 CFP Chapter 7 (Boiles p. 252-269) oct. 1 Making Career Decisions CFP Chapter 8 oct. 3 Job Search/Leads CFP Chapter 9 (Bolles Chapter 5) oct. 8 Career Services Resume Workshop oct. 10 Midterm Review oct. 15 Midterm Exam oct. 7 Resume/Cover Letter Peer Feedback Session CFP Chapter 10 1st Draft Cover Letter/Resume Due ct. 22 Presentations oct. 29 Final Draft Resume/Cover Letter Due oct. 31 NOV. 5 NOV. 7 SII MBTI Interpretation NOV. 12 Career Services Guest Speaker (Social Networking) (Bolles Chapter 6) Occupational Research Report Due NOV. 14 Issues in the Working World CFP Chapter 6 NOV. 19 Interviewing for Jobs and Into the World of Work CFP Chapter 11 (Bolles Chapter 8) NOV. 21 Mock Interviews NOV. 26 NOV. 28 No Class†Thanksgiving Dec. 3 Dec. 5 Dec. 10 Last Day of Class/Wrap Up All Extra Credit Assignments Dec. 12 Submit Final Paper via Blackboard Final Paper Due: 5 pm

Lester Allan Pelton - Hydroelectric Power

Lester Allan Pelton - Hydroelectric Power Lester Pelton invented a type of free-jet water turbine called the Pelton Wheel or Pelton turbine. This turbine is used for hydroelectric power generation. It is one of the original green technologies, replacing coal or wood with the power of falling water. Lester Pelton and the Pelton Water Wheel Turbine Lester Pelton was born in 1829 in Vermillion, Ohio. In 1850, he immigrated to California during the time of the gold rush. Pelton made his living as a carpenter and a millwright. At that time there was a great demand for new power sources to run the machinery and mills necessary for the expanding gold mines. Many mines depended on steam engines, but  those required exhaustible supplies of wood or coal. What was abundant was water power from the fast running mountain creeks and waterfalls. Waterwheels that had been used to power flour mills worked best on larger rivers and did not work well in the faster moving and less voluminous mountain creeks and waterfalls. What worked  were  the newer water turbines that used wheels with cups rather than flat panels.  Ã‚  A landmark design in water turbines was the highly efficient Pelton Wheel. W. F. Durand of Stanford University wrote in 1939 that Pelton made his discovery when he observed a misaligned water turbine where the jet of water hit the cups near the edge rather than the middle of the cup. The turbine moved faster. Pelton incorporated this into his design, with a wedge-shaped divider in the middle of a  double cup, splitting the jet. Now the water being ejected from both halves of the split cups act to propel the wheel faster. He tested his designs in 1877 and 1878, getting a patent in 1880. In 1883, the Pelton turbine won a competition for the most efficient water wheel turbine held by the Idaho Mining Company of Grass Valley, California. Pelton ´s turbine proved to be 90.2% efficient, and the turbine of his closest competitor was only 76.5% efficient. In 1888, Lester Pelton formed the Pelton Water Wheel Company in San Francisco and began to mass manufacture his new water turbine. The Pelton water wheel turbine set the standard until the Turgo impulse wheel was invented by Eric Crewdson in 1920. However, the Turgo impulse wheel was an improved design based on the Pelton turbine. The Turgo was smaller than the Pelton and cheaper to manufacture. Two other important hydropower systems include the Tyson turbine, and the Banki turbine (also called the Michell turbine). Pelton wheels were used to provide electrical power at hydroelectric facilities around the world. One in Nevada City had an output of 18000 horsepowers of electricity for 60 years. The largest units can produce over 400 megawatts. Hydroelectricity Hydropower converts the energy of flowing water into electricity or hydroelectricity. The amount of electricity generated is determined by the volume of water and the amount of head (the height from the turbines in the powerplant to the water surface) created by the dam. The greater the flow and head, the more electricity is produced. The mechanical power of falling water is an age-old tool. Of all the renewable energy sources that generate electricity, hydropower is the most often used. It is one of the oldest sources of energy and was used thousands of years ago to turn a paddle wheel for purposes such as grinding grain. In the 1700s, mechanical hydropower was used extensively for milling and pumping.   The first industrial use of hydropower to generate electricity occurred in 1880, when 16 brush-arc lamps were powered using a water turbine at the Wolverine Chair Factory in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The first U.S. hydroelectric power plant opened on the Fox River near Appleton, Wisconsin, on September 30, 1882. Until that time, coal was the only fuel used to produce electricity. The early hydroelectric plants were direct current stations built to power arc and incandescent lighting during the period from about 1880 to 1895. Because the source of hydropower is water, hydroelectric power plants must be located on a water source. Therefore, it wasn’t until the technology to transmit electricity over long distances was developed that hydropower became widely used. By the early 1900s, hydroelectric power accounted for more than 40 percent of the United States supply of electricity. The years 1895 through 1915 saw rapid changes occur in hydroelectric design and a wide variety of plant styles built. Hydroelectric plant design became fairly well standardized after World War I with most development in the 1920s and 1930s being related to thermal plants and transmission and distribution.

Employee Motivation From Performance Measurement And Compensation System Management Essay Essay Example

Employee Motivation From Performance Measurement And Compensation System Management Essay Essay Example Employee Motivation From Performance Measurement And Compensation System Management Essay Essay Employee Motivation From Performance Measurement And Compensation System Management Essay Essay Employees are an indispensable portion of any organisation, and they should be ever motivated in order to acquire the best consequences out of them. In the article research was conducted of 18months among 272 employees which proved that positive emotion on occupation leads to work accomplishment, occupation enrichment along with higher quality of societal context which comes from more support from supervisors and coworkers. Although the research did non turn out that positive attitude of employees lead to occupation enrichment. The article tells that elements of research have changed in past few old ages. Rather than measuring employee response towards assorted facets of work function, accent has shifted towards how societal context form attitude. This has led to wider array of constructs such as positive and negative consequence. Previously occupation satisfaction was being used to mensurate absenteeism, turnover and public presentation now emotion influence wider organisational res ults along with employee s personal result. The writer proposes that employees who feel and are exposing positive emotion on their occupation will finally see positive results in their work functions. On occupation satisfaction a batch of research has been carried on but non adequate clip has been dedicated to positive emotions. The research besides propose that alternatively of utilizing wide constructs like occupation engagement as organisational designation, it is more utile to mensurate specific emotions that employees observe or experience at work like joy, pride exhilaration. Stearns and Stearns ( 1986 ) Hagiographas showed that control of choler and experience may convey direct effects on work results. ( BARRY M.STAW, 1994 ) Employee s motive farther comes from public presentation measuring and compensation system. The article negotiations about the employee motive after taking assorted trials to turn out that how effectual it is to give compensations. Survey consequences demonstrated a positive relationship between compensation system and extrinsic motive, where as intrinsic motive is effected by publicity chances. Further the compensation system besides affect other indexs of motive like work satisfaction and turnover purpose. In many schools of idea associating to both psychological economic literature have made incentive compensation the nucleus portion of survey. From the hunt carried out there was no mark of grounds that is negative in relationship among pecuniary compensation and intrinsic motive. Though, intrinsic motive is influenced by occupation related issues like occupation enrichment. Whereas, the promotional chances are proven to help in increasing the chance of agreeable future undertakings. The feeling of being suitably treated by a company will take to just behaviour in return. Employees will set about undertaking because they feel obliged to return the sort intervention they have received, instead than the possibility of possible danger of this behaviour on future degrees of compensation. Company believes that directors have tool to separate among assorted variables that build compensation system. It is besides said that extrinsic motive can be reached by bettering the basicss of both pecu niary compensation system and promotional chances. Promotions have been shown to hold positive relationship with motive. This is the ground why it is said to be an of import managerial tool, for addition in the degree of motive. If any company manage good perceived compensation system besides has good consequence on major indexs of motive like work satisfaction and turnover. Therefore we can reason by stating that compensation system can be of great importance for directors to increase motive and single public presentation. Wage construction features and their consequent inducement besides effects through empirical observation. In conformity to employee study and forces records, grounds was provided in which rewards are attached to occupations and publicities play a cardinal function as pay determiner. ( Macro Van Harpen, 2003 ) In the article peculiar company was analyzed on history of their pay construction and the incentive effects of publicities. It was seen that rewards are attached to occupations and non to employees. About 25 % of life-time pay alterations are a direct or an indirect consequence of publicities. As we move on we happen to see that incentive consequence of wagess can be used to maneuver on internal labour markets can besides hold managerial impact. Previously, we said that incentive compensation is related to extrinsic motive, but in this article it showed that it along with extrinsic motive is besides related to intrinsic motive. One or two old ages after publicity, employees will be holding a comparatively high degree of intrinsic motive, which will finally decrease over clip. On the other manus inducements can bee seen as an option for publicities, as publicity are related to extrinsic motive. Findingss indicated in the article that strong actuating potency of publicities, both per s e and extrinsically. Restrictions are besides mentioned in respect to these findings, which are that the beginning of information which has been provided was given by the company and secondly that the outlook of publicity is measured subjectively merely. And in conclusion, motive is said to be caused by sensed outlooks of publicities despite whether this outlooks falls right or non. ( Kees Cools, 2004 ) In another article research from entrepreneurship, occupational pick, and employee engagement literature was seen to explicate what ere the factors that encouraged engagement in new corporate ventures. What is found was employee s basic determination to take part in any corporate venture is depended on the expected public-service corporation of the undertaking s incentive bundle. The consequences that were shown declared venture features, forces motive, and interactions effects should all be considered in planing any corporate ventures. Deductions in regard to this are related to the director, who should depend on the beginning of motive, different incentive bundle elements need to be emphasized. As for those employees who are said to hold extrinsic motive net income sharing is a factor that will give in strong positive impact. Whereas, employees with lower intrinsic motive, greater occupation hazard has a stronger negative impact. These two tradeoffs are necessary for directors to m aintain in head when sing optimum profit-sharing fillip packager for new venture. ( Todd Saxton, 2009 ) Another point under this subject through empirical observation examines the determiners and public presentation effects of centrality prejudice and lenience prejudice. Consequences in this peculiar article showed that directors respond to their ain inducements and penchants when measuring public presentation. When it comes to strong employee-manager relationship it positively affect centrality prejudice and lenience prejudice. Evidence shows that public presentation rating prejudices affects are non merely on current public presentation, but besides on the hereafter employee inducements. Manager s public presentation rating prejudices are non needfully linked to compensation undertaking. Although, centrality prejudice negatively is set uping the public presentation betterment whereas the grounds says nil clearly sing the lenience prejudice and public presentation. Relatively, the lenience prejudice is positively associated with future public presentation, which is reliable on behavio ural statement that prejudice can better looking equality and in bend employee motive. Inaccuracy of evaluation that is caused by directors rating prejudices is perceived to be one of the chief jobs which introduced subjectiveness into any compensation contract. However empirical surveies analyzing the effects of colored public presentation evaluations are non great in figure. Companies are more interested in the effectivity of performance-based compensation contracts in able to increase employees future public presentation, but non in the truth of public presentation evaluation. To look into how other concerns in combination to biased evaluation, act upon the effectivity of the wages of compensation that will lend vastly. ( Jasmijn.C.Bol, 2010 ) Herzberg is known as the male parent of occupation enrichment for employee s motive. He claimed that occupation satisfaction which is one nucleus portion in employee motive is non the antonym of occupation dissatisfaction. Alternatively the opposite if there is any of occupation satisfaction is no occupation satisfaction at all. If an employee is said to be good satisfied with his occupation he will finally be keener and hence more motivated towards his occupation. Therefore all the organisations should give thorough survey in conformity to do occupations more pulling to employees. And to keep employee motive is non hard, if you are traveling to maintain yourself into employees place intending you have to look at their demands in the same mode as directors consider their ain. ( Ed Zimmer, 1998 ) The manner CEO performs or his leading manner if frequently debated, since they are known to hold multiple degree of effects on all his employees. CEO have an upper direction through which they implement both direct and indirect effects. Since the CEO is a the individual with the vision who will be responsible for all the determinations taken by the house. This article talks about how two types of CEO work and how effectual their determinations are towards his/employees. These two types of CEO are 1s who own the company and other is professional CEO. The intent is to happen which leading manner has an immediate consequence toward the employees or subsidiaries of a company. ( Nancy Papalexandris, 2009 ) Work motive still lacks in many countries and hence, in order to hold a clear image one needs to analyze from new position. One can distinguish among witting and subconscious motive as that will assist in placing the demands of workers. Second, to hold survey of different types of relationships that is between general and specific motive. Third, acknowledge the function of human actions when explicating theories. If these factors are taken attention of work motive can accomplish new way. It is by all agencies besides necessary to analyze clip position, as to how employees and directors incorporate short term versus long term outcomes. This issue is of import at both organisational and single degree. Short tally is decidedly of import for the house to last otherwise there is no long term at all, but the focal point should non wholly be upon today one demand to see hereafter as good and in making so should see one s occupation accomplishments. How the organisation leaders prioritize en ds and values is non easy, as to accomplish one end they have to prorogue the other end. Employees should ever be updated of company s determination, in order to accomplish best results. ( Edwin A. Locke, 2004 ) The term motive is non ever clearly defined, at times it may mention as occupation satisfaction and other times as motive to execute, and satisfaction against pick, attempt and continuity are non similar phenomenon. Since they might non ever have same causes or effects, or at times may non impact one another. The prostration to specify footings in a clear and yet valid manner stifle cognitive lucidity hence, development in the field of work motive. There is no bound as to the geographic expedition of new thoughts in motive of workers and the more the directors or organisation is able to place the more likely they are in accomplishing their ends. Surveies besides prove that low rewards is non the factor for employees to experience sorry for, and a higher wage will convey them in high liquors. Job factors increase motive but in its absence it will non take to occupation dissatisfaction. Job factors besides known as satisfiers may include accomplishment, acknowledgment, and growing. On the contrary, hygiene factors are those that aid in cut downing dissatisfaction among employees, these factors include supervising, working conditions and security of occupation. So organisation should seek to intermix both of these factors at their best in order to accomplish the ends efficaciously. Further, employees should be rewarded harmonizing to employee s part in carry throughing their needed undertakings. There are frequently issues in this wages system as employee might see him or herself eligible to accomplishing wages, but the director is non ready to honor, at such state of affairss the employee might acquire de-motivated towards work and frequently his negative emotions arise as against his or her occupation. As motive is said to depend on how much employee wants something and how much they think that they will acquire. Further employees are by and large motivated to accomplish those ends which they have set together with their directors, as in leting them to take part will do them more energetic in able to accomplish those ends and this will do them experience of import for the organisation. Problems frequently arise at a point where cognition or information demands to be transferred among squads. Organizations can enable assorted sorts of motive and to hold assortment in the capacity to bring forth and reassign silent cognition. Since the cognition coevals and transportation are indispensable tool for organisation s competitory advantage. Intrinsic motive in indispensable for houses as discussed before every bit good, it has great many advantages in those countries where monetary value and markets play their function. The cognition transportation can non be straight linked to any one person. Directors can detect the cognition coevals and the transportation in footings of the end product that is generated, whereas explicit cognition is tradable. Directors are able to detect that how good employees with single cognition have performed and thereby they can honor employees consequently. Organizations that stress engagement and personal relationship as overlapping squads are needed. Finally houses are better able to pull off motive instead than markets. ( Bruno S.FREY, 2000 ) Executives are known as the back bone of any organisations, as they are the 1s who manage concern, take determination, and are likely the 1s who tend to better the place of their organisation. So, they should be given interest in the company in order to execute at their best towards those peculiar tasks/actions which they believe will smooth net incomes. The survey that was conducted in an organisation showed that executives should be given portion of the net income which company probably earns. This claim is uncontested, because most executives are known to be risk averse when it comes to portions of house which they manage. Further, the direction tends to portion net incomes with their employees in order to minimise losingss which arise due to negligence at work. When of all time there is higher managerial ownership we will see that more hazard is passed to employees, who will so be more careful and motivated during their occupation as they will see themselves as an of import porti on of the organisation. When direction is said to have the house, variableness in option compensation is greater. Naturally when employees do nt hold hazard involved in the house, intending that when they are to have their fixed wage they are non risk averse, whereas if they are given ownership in that context they will be more careful and more involved in the house. ( Ye Cai, 2010 )

Attempt to Understand Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Attempt to Understand Memory - Essay Example Indicating a situation in which memories ultimately form the foundation and walls of the human brain/the human experience. By utilizing memory as a means of categorizing information and understanding the way in which personal experience has contributed to life, the reader can come to a more informed interpretation of the importance that memories have in the day to day decision that an individual makes. Further, world view, personality, socialization, and levels of interpretation are all contingent upon memory and the personal experience as well. Although a great deal of scholarship has been concentric upon discussing socialization means through which norms develop, it will be the express intent of this brief analysis to discuss the importance and power that individual memory can have, and importance and power that this author will argue prompt all factors of socialization and societal mores. Accordingly, the discussion that will take place within this brief analysis will be contingen t upon pages 166-167 of the text; a piece entitled â€Å"All the Little Flowers†. Firstly, it must be understood that socialization, a rubric and metric that individuals have long sought to utilize as a means of understanding human interaction, is ultimately only the product of a string of different memories. In such a way, this socialization is not a solid construct but a fluid one that differs greatly from one individual to another. For instance, even though a shared and collective level of understanding might be had with regards to a specific instance or occurrence, the unique and differentiated memories that are associated with this occurrence will diverge greatly if one compares one set of memories that an individual relates to another set of memories that another person shares.

Film review-Pressure(Horace Ove 1975) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film review-Pressure(Horace Ove 1975) - Essay Example I believe that one of the major themes of the movie is that the main character is disillusioned with regard to his perception of the contemporary society. Unlike the older generations he is not willing to give in, but ultimately results that nothing can be done with the help of legitimate measures. There is no doubt that it is something that many people of that time can relate to. All this makes the movie in question some kind of a mirror that the public can take a close look at and analyze its fundamental problems. It is particularly important that a black director was able to make such a film (Bourne 198). Another important point that is made is that when it comes to social injustice, colors do not matter. The main character concludes that some white people suffer as mush as blacks. This means that all the population should unite against social inequality and build a society where everyone will be enjoying his or her state of

Marketing Orientation in Telecommunication Company Essay

Marketing Orientation in Telecommunication Company - Essay Example A deep analysis of the company has been made within this report. Also based on the study of the company and its competitors, recommendations have been set out for the management. The plan that has been set down which includes the benefits that Etisalat can gain from the recommendation of starting an e-Commerce website. This study has been based on a secondary research. The information collected is mainly from the secondary sources, which include various sources, studies, articles, newspapers, and websites. Secondary data refers to information published by others and which is already available1. It is also data collected by other people rather than the researcher who is carrying out the study2. There has been a through research conducted to gain all the information of this Etisalat. Great care has been taken while choosing the sources from the Internet and it has been ensured that the works chosen from the Internet are from published writers. As Berry refers to the Internet in his books, â€Å"an open door to nonsense to appear, and one way of checking on this is knowing about the author†3. The telecom industry of the Middle Eastern countries has seen a continuous growth. A forecast by Informa Telecoms and Media shows that the year 2009 will continue to see a constant growth, with almost 28.68 million net inclusions into the mobile market this year. The market is very wide and has as many as almost 250 million mobile subscribers and is expected to reach as high as 250.79 million by the end of 20094. Etisalat is one of the oldest telecom providers in UAE. It is headed by Mohammad Al Qamzi, the CEO. The company was incorporated in 1976 and has become a part of the Financial Times Top 500 Corporation. In terms of the capitalization and revenues, this company stands on the 6th position in the Middle East.  

Strategies Used by Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategies Used by Wal-Mart - Essay Example For the small and medium enterprises, Wal-Mart has a â€Å"Sam’s Warehouse club† where member businesses can buy retail and office items at cheaper rates. In serving both these customer segments, the key strategy of Wal-Mart is to maintain price leadership. Its business is based on the premise that Wal-Mart can guarantee the best (lowest) price to its customers. This best price guarantee is reflected in what they call is their â€Å"Every Day Low Price† (EDLP) program. Wal-Mart gets this price advantage mainly through a two-pronged strategy. The first lever to ensure low price is their economy of scale, and the second lever is the global sourcing which allows them an â€Å"arbitrage opportunity† between supplier prices across a broad spectrum of geography which other retailers may not be able to access. The second key element of strategy for Wal-Mart is to address the sustainability and environmental issues. Due to the nature of its business, Wal-Mart and other retailers are constantly under pressure from NGOs and other activists to render the business more environment friendly and more socially responsible. Therefore, Wal-Mart’s strategy is to work closely and transparently with several organizations to address these issues and to provide an annual update on these elements in their annual report. This strategy helps Wal-Mart maintain its friendly image and prevents customers sensitive to these issues from moving away from Wal-Mart. Expected changes in their strategy to expand the business The retail business is under pressure from several fronts. From direct and indirect retail competitors (large store based retailers and small neighborhood shops), from pressure due to poor economic condition causing less security and job losses, and from emerging technologies (e-commerce and mobile commerce) which can entire alter the retail business landscape. These pressures are also bound to affect the profitability of their operations. T hus, Wal-Mart can be expected to bring in several strategic changes that enhance their productivity and lower costs. Further, in order to respond to these challenges, Wal-Mart can be expected to being several strategic changes to their sales operations as well including changing the current store plans, introducing new store formats, and scaling up its e-commerce operations. Wal-Mart realizes that current stores need to be made more relevant to the customer; that is expanding the assortment of products offered. In order to do this, they may need to not only generate more supplier contracts but also alter the allocation of their retailing pace. Further, in order to counter the competition from small local stores, Wal-Mart can be expected to introduce new retail formats – neighborhood stores/convenience stores. As the volumes and variety of products at these stores is expected to be lower than in their traditional large retail stores, they could be expected to make significant changes in their supply chain for serving these retail stores too. Next, as internet-based and now mobile-based commerce is becoming increasingly important, they can be expected to increase their investment in providing solutions for these opportunities. Developing Smartphone

An opinion paper on inaugural adresses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An opinion paper on inaugural adresses - Essay Example economic situation had somehow improved from the grim scenario of the Carter administration. The two parallel situations of the early 1960s and mid 1980s therefore were almost of the same footing as far as both presidential speeches are concerned, and in terms of socio-economic and global realities. Kennedy and Reagan' speeches were equally moving and heart warming. But while the whole of Kennedy's address could be poignantly quotable, it wheeled around solely on world issues such as the threats of communism, nuclear war, and global alliance. Domestic concerns, if at all, were mentioned just in passing. On the other hand, Reagan's speech was much more than just motivational. It was comprehensive and tackled a lot of home grown problems as well as global ones which contained specific concerns such as public administration, taxation, and employment: At the heart of our efforts is one idea vindicated by 25 straight months of economic growth. Freedom and incentives unleash the drive for entrepreneurial genius that is the core of human progress. We have begun to increase the rewards for work, savings, and investment; reduced the increase in the cost and size of government and its interference in people's lives. We must simplify our tax system, make it more fair, and bring the rates down for all who work and earn. We must think anew and move with a new boldness, so every American who seeks work can find work; so the least among us shall have an equal chance to achieve the greatest things-to be heroes who heal our sick, feed the hungry, protect peace among nations, and leave this world a better place (home of heroes). But more than practical issues, Reagan proved to be a man with a deeper sense of history. With an impressive stroke, he took his listeners 'by the hand', toured them back in time using such vivid and vibrant example as: History is a ribbon, always unfurling; history is a journey. And as we continue our journey, we think of those who traveled before us Now we are standing inside this symbol of our democracy. Now we hear again the echoes of our past: a general falls to his knees in the hard snow of Valley Forge; a lonely President paces the darkened halls, and ponders his struggle to preserve the Union; the men of the Alamo call out encouragement to each other; a settler pushes west and sings a song, and the song echoes out forever and fills the unknowing air. Although, most presidential speeches refer to historical events to enhance a crucial issue, no one presented them as dramatic and touching as Reagan did. And he did so by immersing his listeners to a particular point in history, took them there, and made them feel the drama that was unfolding; but only to bring them back to the present with a call to unity, action, hope and faith in God: It is the American sound. It is hopeful, big-hearted, idealistic, daring, decent, and fair. That's our heritage; that is our song. We sing it still. For all our problems, our differences, we are together as of old, as we raise our voices to the God who is the Author of this most tender music. And may He continue to hold us close as we fill the world with our sound-sound in unity, affection, and love-one people under God, dedicated to the dream of freedom that He has placed in the human heart, called upon now to pass that dream on to a waiting and hopeful world. No president had ever reached the stature of

Understand the scope of marketing communications Assignment

Understand the scope of marketing communications - Assignment Example Effective communication plays a vital role in advertising and promotion because it provides ways to convey message to the target audience. Communication is a process between two or more parties, one provides information and other receives information. The aim of marketing communication is to provide relevant information to the buyers and influence their buying behaviour. In advertising and promotional campaigns marketing communication process works dynamically and by using effective advertising and promotional strategies organisations strengthen their businesses and products. Communication is considered as lifeblood of the organisation, which means without communication no organisation can survive. The communication process that is used by business organisations to market their products and services is known as marketing communication, organisations adopt effective communication strategies to endorse a product, service or organisation whit the objective to increase sale. In advertising and promotion organisations communicate message to relevant audience through various channels such as television, internet, radio, print (publications), and word of mouth. In today’s world marketing communication has significant impact on people’s life because it influences day to day life of people in different manner. The media of marketing communication use different ways to interact with people and influence their life through effective communication. The success of marketing communication depends on its ability to influence people buying behaviour through promotion and advertising. Organisations use marketing communication techniques to compete with competitors and reached to potential customers to sell their products and services (Madhavaram, Badrinarayanan, & McDonald, 2005). American Marketing Association define marketing as an organisational function, consists on different activities for creating, communicating, and delivering value to

Strategies Used by Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategies Used by Wal-Mart - Essay Example For the small and medium enterprises, Wal-Mart has a â€Å"Sam’s Warehouse club† where member businesses can buy retail and office items at cheaper rates. In serving both these customer segments, the key strategy of Wal-Mart is to maintain price leadership. Its business is based on the premise that Wal-Mart can guarantee the best (lowest) price to its customers. This best price guarantee is reflected in what they call is their â€Å"Every Day Low Price† (EDLP) program. Wal-Mart gets this price advantage mainly through a two-pronged strategy. The first lever to ensure low price is their economy of scale, and the second lever is the global sourcing which allows them an â€Å"arbitrage opportunity† between supplier prices across a broad spectrum of geography which other retailers may not be able to access. The second key element of strategy for Wal-Mart is to address the sustainability and environmental issues. Due to the nature of its business, Wal-Mart and other retailers are constantly under pressure from NGOs and other activists to render the business more environment friendly and more socially responsible. Therefore, Wal-Mart’s strategy is to work closely and transparently with several organizations to address these issues and to provide an annual update on these elements in their annual report. This strategy helps Wal-Mart maintain its friendly image and prevents customers sensitive to these issues from moving away from Wal-Mart. Expected changes in their strategy to expand the business The retail business is under pressure from several fronts. From direct and indirect retail competitors (large store based retailers and small neighborhood shops), from pressure due to poor economic condition causing less security and job losses, and from emerging technologies (e-commerce and mobile commerce) which can entire alter the retail business landscape. These pressures are also bound to affect the profitability of their operations. T hus, Wal-Mart can be expected to bring in several strategic changes that enhance their productivity and lower costs. Further, in order to respond to these challenges, Wal-Mart can be expected to being several strategic changes to their sales operations as well including changing the current store plans, introducing new store formats, and scaling up its e-commerce operations. Wal-Mart realizes that current stores need to be made more relevant to the customer; that is expanding the assortment of products offered. In order to do this, they may need to not only generate more supplier contracts but also alter the allocation of their retailing pace. Further, in order to counter the competition from small local stores, Wal-Mart can be expected to introduce new retail formats – neighborhood stores/convenience stores. As the volumes and variety of products at these stores is expected to be lower than in their traditional large retail stores, they could be expected to make significant changes in their supply chain for serving these retail stores too. Next, as internet-based and now mobile-based commerce is becoming increasingly important, they can be expected to increase their investment in providing solutions for these opportunities. Developing Smartphone

Understand the scope of marketing communications Assignment

Understand the scope of marketing communications - Assignment Example Effective communication plays a vital role in advertising and promotion because it provides ways to convey message to the target audience. Communication is a process between two or more parties, one provides information and other receives information. The aim of marketing communication is to provide relevant information to the buyers and influence their buying behaviour. In advertising and promotional campaigns marketing communication process works dynamically and by using effective advertising and promotional strategies organisations strengthen their businesses and products. Communication is considered as lifeblood of the organisation, which means without communication no organisation can survive. The communication process that is used by business organisations to market their products and services is known as marketing communication, organisations adopt effective communication strategies to endorse a product, service or organisation whit the objective to increase sale. In advertising and promotion organisations communicate message to relevant audience through various channels such as television, internet, radio, print (publications), and word of mouth. In today’s world marketing communication has significant impact on people’s life because it influences day to day life of people in different manner. The media of marketing communication use different ways to interact with people and influence their life through effective communication. The success of marketing communication depends on its ability to influence people buying behaviour through promotion and advertising. Organisations use marketing communication techniques to compete with competitors and reached to potential customers to sell their products and services (Madhavaram, Badrinarayanan, & McDonald, 2005). American Marketing Association define marketing as an organisational function, consists on different activities for creating, communicating, and delivering value to

World War II Essay Example for Free

World War II Essay Together, Canada and the United States, on behalf of the Allies, made military contributions in the Second World War, albeit with varying results. Canada had declared war on the Axis Powers only a week after Great Britain and France had made their declarations. The war continued on, and Axis victory was being averted by sheer Allied bravery, even though Britain was near to collapse and France and the rest of Europe had long fallen. Allied victory seemed impossible, until the United States entered the war in December 1941. It was a turnaround and a triumph of American material and logistics superiority. Canadian contributions were not as decisive, yet helped provide stability and note-worthy support to America’s swift and decisive military actions, which helped to bring the war to a predictable end. The Canadian effort was more intrinsic, in nature, and was not very impactful; however Canada’s support to Great Britain proved to be crucial for the latter after the loss of their ally, France and before the Soviet alliance. The participation of Canada, in the Second World War was the largest combined national effort in their short independent history. Canada entered the war willingly, since it realised that Nazi success in Europe could definitely threaten the existence of Western civilization. During the â€Å"Phony War†, from 1940 to 1941, the Royal Canadian Navy helped protect convoys of troops and supplies to Britain. Canada was also the biggest British training ground, with the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan based there. Its military was active in the war from early on – mainly in the Italian Invasion, Northern Europe and North Atlantic. Full-fledged Canadian involvement in war came with the Battle of Dieppe, which was, in reality, a failure for the Allies, but it gave them a first-view of German defences on the French coast, later to be very useful for future operations on D-Day. Canada was also involved in the Allied invasion of Sicily, in 1943 and the D-Day landings, at Juno Beach, in June 1944, both of which proved to be successes. Canada made some minor contributions in the Pacific Theatre including the Battle of Hong Kong, in order to help Britain to defend their royal colony from Japan, which, however, was a failure. Canadian involvement in the Second World War was largely self-gratifying, in a way, as it began to develop a huge war industry of aircraft, military vehicles and cargo carriers’ production, most of which went to Britain, which kept its factories working, which spurred them to keep alive their interest in elping to win the war. The major contribution by the Canadians was the usage of the Corvettes that acted as escorts for supply ships on the way to Britain. Without these supplies, D-Day would never have happened. These military skirmishes and actions kept the war alive, but did not initiate any significant results on their own; however they were a pivotal support force. America’s late entry into the war was made up with its efficient and strategic fighting in battles, which ended the Second World War. Most of American military contributions in Europe were in collaboration with troops from other Allied nations, such as the Italian Campaign, D-Day landings (under American General D. Eisenhower) and the Battle of the Bulge. Starting from the West, Allied forces moved further eastwards, with the United States leading from the front, while Soviet forces attacked westwards, trapping Berlin. Hitler committed suicide, Nazi Germany was in disarray, and the war in Europe was won. It was a victory for American troops, and an overall Allied victory; with this, it seemed to be the â€Å"beginning of the end† for the Third Reich’s rule. On the other hand, the Pacific Theatre was won practically single-handedly by the United States. The entry of the United States into the war was literally forced by Japanese actions, in attacking the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, resulting in the loss of a good portion of the US Navy. Ostensibly, US interests were physically attacked, for the first time in the war, by Japan, and this provoked the United States to enter the war, even though America, straight out of Depression, did not want to get involved in the war directly, but stay on the periphery. The Battles of Coral Sea and Midway followed, and prevented Japanese attack on Oceania. It was at Guadalcanal that America first took the offensive, resulting in a victory. The long-drawn Battle of Okinawa was the final push towards one of the greatest events of World War Two – the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to subsequent Japanese surrender, and the end of the Second World War. Most American battles were over a shorter span of time, but their strategies were effectual and precise and their military prowess helped to end the war. The American military contributions essentially led to an Allied victory and helped to finish a lingering and indecisive war conclusively. The United States and Canada witnessed no actual war on home soil, but together with Britain, USSR and other Allies, they played a decisive role in securing a victory against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Before the entered the war, both Canada and the United States possessed small militaries, but war mobilization and export of war materials transformed both these countries into mighty military powers by the end of the war, in their own respects. Canadian relations with the US became notably closer during the war. Both USA and Canada were reticent to enter the war, but once they did, their contributions were profound. The contributions of both the nations, albeit in slightly different aspects, helped to sustain and accelerate, and eventually end what became known as the most devastating war of all time.

Reaction time of visual response

Reaction time of visual response Data Collection and Processing In this experiment, the reaction time of visual and tactile response has been investigated by measuring how both hands reacted when eyes were open and then when eyes were closed. For a better comparison of the two, the averages have been compared as well. The rulers centimetres have been turned into time counted in seconds using the formula; Observations The tactile responses where faster to visual stimuli presented As time passed, the reflexes where becoming reasonably slower, however, at some point, it was easy to expect when the other student would let go of the ruler due to the many trials. Using the measurements obtained from the above tables, graphs have been organised so as to better comprehend the outcomes of this experiment. Observations; In general, the right hand seems to have a faster response to tactile stimulation than visual one. Some values seem to not comply with the rest of them, probably due to the existence of other factors affecting the outcome of the experiment. Observations; In general, the left hand seems to have a faster response to visual stimulation than tactile one. Some values seem to not comply again with the rest of them, probably due to the existence of other factors affecting the outcome of the experiment. Overall, the tactile responses seem to be faster than the visual ones, dependent nevertheless from factors such as left-handedness and/or right-handedness. Observations; The left hand had a faster response to the visual stimuli compared to the right hand Observations; The right hand had a faster response to tactile stimuli than the left hand. Bearing the previous observations into consideration, a relation could be made between different parts of processing the stimuli (spinal cord and brain) and the reactions of each of the hands and hence the brains functioning. From the graphs, it becomes evident that tactile responses are faster than the visual ones. Furthermore, from the averages, we can conclude that the two hands much varied in their performance of the visual and tactile responses. It has also been observed that some of the values do not comply with the general tendency of the other results, thus indicating the existence of other, uncontrolled, factors affecting the results. Conclusion and Evaluation As our literary sources command, the main function of our nervous system is the coordination of rapid responses to stimuli, including reflexes. A stimulus is a change in the environment which is detected by receptors. Once perceived by the organism, a certain response is elicited and a change in the organism occurs. In this experiment, we investigated the speed of a humans response to tactile and visual stimuli. The findings of this experiment agree to the fact that our tactile responses (performed with closed eyes) are considerably faster from our visual responses (performed with the eyes open). This happens because the signal transmitted from the sensory neurons of our eyes is directly processed by our brain, whereas the signal received from our skin, as the feeling of touch, is processed at the spinal cord and are involved with the local segmental reflexes. As the results of this experiment agree to the general knowledge given from various other literary sources, it can be characterized as reliable. Despite the many efforts to control for the confounding variables which might affect the very outcome of the experiment, some values have been observed to not comply with the general rule, generated by the rest of them. A number of factors could be responsible for this. In order to make the measurements of height, a ruler has been used, causing the possibility of error to rise. The possible error that might have been involved is that of a 0.05cm At times, the ruler was not caught at all by the participant and the trial was repeated until a positive number was achieved. It could be argued though that these times are important as well since the inability to react fast could be thought of as a visual or tactile response. External factors might have affected the results of this experiment. Even though it was conducted in a laboratory, noise or distraction could have occurred due to the other classmates. Ways to improve the methodology of the experiment A control of the external confounding variables, such as noise, could help the experiment acquire more focused results. A more precise ruler could have been used A second verification of the data would be beneficial to the better support of the results found. It would also be good if more participants were used as well. The participants to this study should not be aware of the theoretical points in biology, which would affect their performance due to biases. Future work Suggested future work, related to this study and its theoretical points, could involve the study of how fast a message is transported through the nervous system or how can this speed be affected by variables such as attention and stress or other neurological conditions. Moreover, individuals could be assessed with visual and tactile stimuli so as to test the different responses between the reaction time of their left and right hands, correlating the results to whether they are left-handed, ambidextrous or right-handed.